SS-31

SS-31, also known as elamipretide and sold under the brand name Forzinity, is a mitochondria-targeting peptide that protects against oxidative damage and improves mitochondrial function. It is being studied for various conditions, including heart failure, primary mitochondrial myopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases.
How it works
Targets mitochondria: SS-31 is a small molecule that selectively accumulates in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Scavenges ROS: It scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful molecules that can cause cellular damage.
Stabilizes membranes: It interacts with cardiolipin, a key phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which helps stabilize it.
Improves energy production: By optimizing the function of the electron transport chain, it helps promote efficient energy (ATP) production.
Therapeutic applications and research
Cardioprotection: SS-31 has shown promise in improving cardiac function and protecting the heart from injury.
Heart failure: It is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure.
Mitochondrial diseases: It is being investigated for primary mitochondrial myopathy and other mitochondrial diseases.
Neurodegenerative diseases: Studies have shown potential protective effects against conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease.
Kidney injury: Research indicates SS-31 can offer protection against kidney damage caused by conditions like ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Aging: It may help reverse age-related muscle dysfunction and exercise intolerance by restoring mitochondrial health.
How it is administered
SS-31 is typically administered as a subcutaneous injection, often twice a week.
The standard dose is 5 mg, but this can vary based on a patient’s age, weight, and health history.
Note: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. SS-31 (Forzinity) was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2025. Always consult with a healthcare provider for guidance on your specific situation.